城市建筑室内外无缝应急救援定位技术

应急救援定位技术的发展关系到救援人员和受害人员的生命安全。首先，对应急定位与普适定位进行了对比，总结了应急定位的主要特征，阐述了应急定位系统的精度、连续性等技术指标。之后，分析了不同传感器在应急场景下的可用性，对相应传感器在应急定位领域中的融合和应用进行了综述。最后，围绕坐标基准、知识图谱、多源协同、智能控制四项关键技术架构室内外无缝应急救援定位系统，总结了构建流程。其中，坐标基准将室内和室外、相对定位和绝对定位统一，而知识图谱综合权威发布信息和灾害场景信息进行决策，不仅可以辅助多源融合中传感器的选择、传感器无缝切换以及故障传感器隔离，还能协调智能控制中救援设备的调度、救援设备之间和救援设备与人员之间的协同定位。     

基于深度强化学习的复杂地形适应机器人设计与实验

针对行星表面轻量化自主探测任务，基于仿生思想设计了一种仿海胆结构的十二足球形机器人，其具备自主改变构型以贴合复杂地形的能力，可实现无倾覆、高容错的全向运动；基于数据驱动方法，对该机器人设计了一种数据高效的无模型强化学习运动策略，可实现无先验知识的从0到1步态训练以及步态的实物样机快速部署。通过在平面地形和非结构化地形中对其进行仿真实验，验证了经过训练的机器人具备自主运动、适应非结构地形等能力；通过与常用基准策略进行对比，证实了本文提出的运动策略具有训练高效、鲁棒性好的优势；最后通过开发原理样机，开展实物实验验证了仿真环境中所生成的步态在真实物理环境中的动力学可行性。     

地外天体着陆巡视探测自主智能技术进展

以月球、火星和小行星等地外天体着陆巡视探测任务为背景，对自主智能技术的发展现状、应用情况与未来趋势进行了分析研究。回顾了目前国内外地外天体着陆巡视探测任务的实施情况；从导航定位与环境感知、轨迹优化与制导控制、自主探测与路径规划、故障诊断与自主处理等四个方面，阐述了该领域自主智能技术的研究现状，并对未来发展态势进行了展望。     

Mahalanobis distance-based fading cubature Kalman filter with augmented mechanism for hypersonic vehicle INS/CNS autonomous integration

Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS) integration, especially for the tightly-coupled mode, provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV) in military demands. However, INS/CNS integration is a challenging research task due to its special characteristics such as strong nonlinearity, non-additive noise and dynamic complexity.This paper presents a novel nonlinear filtering method for INS/CNS integration by adopting the emerging Cubature Kalman Filter(C...     

Autonomous navigation for lunar final approach based on gravity gradient measurements

Lunar final approach navigation is critical for pin-point lunar landing in future missions. This study investigates the use of lunar gravity gradient measurements for autonomous navigation of a lunar probe during the final approach phase. As the spacecraft approaches the Moon, the strength of gravity gradient signals improves. A spaceborne gravity gradiometer can precisely measure local gravity gradients, and the latest lunar gravity model GL1500E is used to provide reference values. The employed truncation degree and order of the gravity model are increased stepwise considering the decreasing altitude of the spacecraft in order to reach a compromise between computational costs and model accuracy. An iterative Kalman filter is developed for coupled orbit and attitude estimation using gravity gradient measurements and attitude quaternions obtained from star sensors. A simulated spacecraft with a gradiometer noise level of 0.01 E is considered. Simulation results show that the spacecraft’s position converges rapidly and achieves an accuracy of less than 100 m at the last epoch.     

Autonomous mission reconstruction during the ascending flight of launch vehicles under typical propulsion system failures

In recent years, Chinese Long March(LM) launchers have experienced several launch failures, most of which occurred in their propulsion systems, and this paper studies Autonomous Mission Reconstruction(AMRC) technology to alleviate losses due to these failures. The status of the techniques related to AMRC, including trajectory and mission planning, guidance methods,and fault tolerant technologies, are reviewed, and their features are compared, which reflect the challenges faced by AMRC technology...     

不依赖于卫星的无人系统视觉/激光雷达感知与自主导航技术

智能化的无人系统在现代社会中起着重要作用,而对环境信息的准确感知以及自身位置的精准估计是无人系统智能、高效执行任务的核心基础,视觉与激光雷达传感器是无人系统常用的感知与导航传感器.近年来,随着应用场景的拓展,无卫星信号、无光等恶劣环境对无人系统的感知与自主导航技术提出了新的挑战.针对上述环境,对无人系统中视觉/激光雷达感知技术与自主导航技术及其进展进行了分析和总结.从感知和导航定位两个应用层面出发,深入讨论和分析了基于视觉和激光雷达手段的深度估计、目标检测、自主导航、地图构建等技术的机理差异、实现方法及特性.分析了目前国内外研究成果及进展,总结对比了目前的技术特点与局限性,并展望了未来无人系统感知与导航的关键技术挑战与发展趋势.